The latest instalment of our weekly series, in which we use the Centre for Cities’ data tools to crunch some of the numbers on Britain’s cities.
Editor’s note: we’ve amended this one, after publiation, following feedback from the FT’s economics editor, Chris Giles.
The motto of the monarch of the United Kingdom is, in French, “Dieu et mon droit”, which roughly translates as “God and my right”, though it more nebulously refers to the supposed divine right of monarchs.
But if the last government – you know, the one we voted for before the whole Brexit debacle – had a motto, it may perhaps have adopted the French motto “Dieu et mes ciseaux” – “God and my scissors”. The terrible duo tag-team of George Osborne and David Cameron made austerity the buzz-word of the day, and trimming back the public sector was the mission. Snip, snip, George.
Luckily for our purposes, cities tend to be where most publicly funded jobs happen. Local services are concentrated in county towns and regional administrative hubs, while the cogs of national government are overwhelmingly piled on London because it’s, you know, the capital.
But which cities have all the publicly funded jobs? And have all that many of them really been cut?
Without further ado, let’s whip out the stats.
Looking very simply at gross numbers of publicly funded jobs in 2015, the results are obvious.
London comes out miles ahead, with 1.23m publicly funded jobs. Manchester and Birmingham are engaged in a sparring match for second place miles behind, at 294,600 and 284,800 respectively. Glasgow has 169,000, Newcastle has 131,000, and the rest dribble on. (You can hover over a city to see how many it has.)
But obviously gross numbers don’t tell you all that much. London may have 1.23m publicly funded jobs, but it’s a very huge city and thus presumably also has lots of other jobs.
It takes a little bit of mental acrobatics, but the ratio of private to public sector employment is a useful way around this. The basic guide here is that the higher the number, the fewer publicly funded jobs relative to total number of jobs there.
The national average is 2.78: in other words, for every single public sector job, there are not quite three private sector ones. (Or, to put it another way, there are two real jobs and then one spurious thing George Osborne will do every other Friday for £700k a year.)
So Crawley comes top of the list because it has relatively few public sector jobs. For every one publicly funded job, there are 7.18 private sector jobs.
Looked at in this way, London doesn’t seem so extraordinarily far out. In fact, by ratio of private to public sector employment, it’s the eighth least public sector city.
The most public-sector heavy cities. Click to expand. Image: Centre for Cities.
The most public-sector dominated places by this metric are Exeter, at 1.74, Birkenhead (1.58), Cambridge (1.46), Dundee at (1.43), and Oxford at (1.04).
While it might seem surprising to have cities like Exeter, Cambridge and Oxford so far up the list – cities that all come pretty high up other tables of economic success and personal income – one explanation could be the way the data is measured.
“Publicly funded jobs” is not necessarily the same as what we would conceive as “public sector jobs”. So while the “public sector” is normally counted as civil servants, nurses, and police officers, “publicly funded jobs” could in theory stretch as far as hired private contractors procured by the government for anything from PR to construction, or – as is possible in this case – research and development scientists and engineers supported by government funding to work on some cutting-edge stuff. It’s hard to know exactly.
So. Onto the juicy stuff: austerity. Let’s get a look at those savage graphs showing vast reductions in public sector jobs across Britain’s cities – thousands of inefficient publicly funded lackeys cast asunder in the great name of “living within our means”, “Labour Labour Labour it’s all Labour’s fault”, and, “This is definitely not just George Osborne’s personal ideological zealotry”.
But wait, what?
Most cities come up green on this map, meaning an increase in the gross numbers of publicly funded jobs in cities between 2010 and 2015, or only a very slight decrease.
Not that many cities are yellow, which would show a fall of over 1,100 publicly funded jobs between 2010 and 2015 (the course of the Coalition Government). And London – cue collective eye-roll – gained 138,800 publicly funded jobs over the period.
But again, gross figures can’t tell us everything.
Looking at the percentage change in publicly funded jobs between 2010 and 2015 is, if anything, even more damning for Osborne’s supposed plan.
Only one city, Worthing, shows a decrease of more than 10 per cent of publicly funded jobs over the five-year period, while eight cities saw an increase in publicly funded jobs of more than 10 per cent. Blackburn, out on its own, saw a 20.81 per cent increase in publicly funded jobs.
Which is really quite a lot, when you’ve made cutting back alleged state largesse your central political mission.
Indeed, it’s almost like railing against how big the state is when you’re in opposition and the government has had to take on extra debt to protect the economy from an unprecedented global financial crisis is really easy, while actually cutting back crucial public sector jobs that people rely on for services every day is… kinda hard?
Alternatively, if you wanted to take a much less sympathetic approach: George, you had one job.
Editor’s note: Right, we warned you this was coming. After publication, Chris Giles of the Financial Times said this:
@CityMetric @JonnElledge @JackO_May That’s pretty weird data, since we know that public sector employment nationally took a dive (almost 20% down). pic.twitter.com/rd6OyCkc4j
— Chris Giles (@ChrisGiles_) April 12, 2017
Which was a bit of a downer on the whole.
We asked Paul Swinney, chief economist for the Centre for Cities, who provides the data, to explain himself. He responded thus:
@ChrisGiles_ @JonnElledge @CityMetric @JackO_May Structural breaks and VERY narrow definitions of the public sector. We look at public admin & defence, health and education
— Paul Swinney (@Paul_Swinney) April 12, 2017
He added that better data would be nice, but what you gonna do.
So: in these key sectors public employment has risen. Across the piece, not so much.
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